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nixpkgs/doc/preface.chapter.md

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doc: explicit Markdown anchors for top-level headings; remove metadata I used the existing anchors generated by Docbook, so the anchor part should be a no-op. This could be useful depending on the infrastructure we choose to use, and it is better to be explicit than rely on Docbook's id generating algorithms. I got rid of the metadata segments of the Markdown files, because they are outdated, inaccurate, and could make people less willing to change them without speaking with the author.
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# Preface {#preface}
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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The Nix Packages collection (Nixpkgs) is a set of thousands of packages for the
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[Nix package manager](https://nixos.org/nix/), released under a
doc: remove mention of X11 license variant (#255081) The Nixpkgs license is pure MIT.
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[permissive MIT license](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/COPYING).
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Packages are available for several platforms, and can be used with the Nix
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package manager on most GNU/Linux distributions as well as [NixOS](https://nixos.org/nixos).
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doc: Rename to Nixpkgs reference manual and state purpose For the time being, we're moving towards https://nix.dev/ containing all tutorials and guides. The Nixpkgs manual is reinforced to be a _reference_ manual. While it's not just reference for now, that's what the docs team is working towards. This commits rewrites the Nixpkgs manual introduction to reflect that and point to some more useful links. The contribution docs are updated similarly so it's not missed. Co-authored-by: Valentin Gagarin <valentin.gagarin@tweag.io> Co-authored-by: Robert Hensing <roberth@users.noreply.github.com>
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This document is the user [_reference_](https://nix.dev/contributing/documentation/diataxis#reference) manual for Nixpkgs.
It describes entire public interface of Nixpkgs in a concise and orderly manner, and all relevant behaviors, with examples and cross-references.
To discover other kinds of documentation:
- [nix.dev](https://nix.dev/): Tutorials and guides for getting things done with Nix
- [NixOS **Option Search**](https://search.nixos.org/options) and reference documentation
- [Nixpkgs **Package Search**](https://search.nixos.org/packages)
- [**NixOS** manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/): Reference documentation for the NixOS Linux distribution
- [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md): Contributing to Nixpkgs, including this manual
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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doc: prepare for commonmark We are still using Pandoc’s Markdown parser, which differs from CommonMark spec slightly. Notably: - Line breaks in lists behave differently. - Admonitions do not support the simpler syntax https://github.com/jgm/commonmark-hs/issues/75 - The auto_identifiers uses a different algorithm – I made the previous ones explicit. - Languages (classes) of code blocks cannot contain whitespace so we have to use “pycon” alias instead of Python “console” as GitHub’s linguist While at it, I also fixed the following issues: - ShellSesssion was used - Removed some pointless docbook tags.
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## Overview of Nixpkgs {#overview-of-nixpkgs}
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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Nix expressions describe how to build packages from source and are collected in
the [nixpkgs repository](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs). Also included in the
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collection are Nix expressions for
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[NixOS modules](https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-writing-modules).
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With these expressions the Nix package manager can build binary packages.
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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Packages, including the Nix packages collection, are distributed through
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[channels](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-channels). The collection is
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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distributed for users of Nix on non-NixOS distributions through the channel
`nixpkgs`. Users of NixOS generally use one of the `nixos-*` channels, e.g.
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`nixos-22.11`, which includes all packages and modules for the stable NixOS
22.11. Stable NixOS releases are generally only given
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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security updates. More up to date packages and modules are available via the
`nixos-unstable` channel.
Both `nixos-unstable` and `nixpkgs` follow the `master` branch of the Nixpkgs
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repository, although both do lag the `master` branch by generally
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[a couple of days](https://status.nixos.org/). Updates to a channel are
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distributed as soon as all tests for that channel pass, e.g.
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[this table](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/unstable#tabs-constituents)
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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shows the status of tests for the `nixpkgs` channel.
treewide: use https for nixos.org and hydra.nixos.org tarballs.nixos.org is omitted from the change because urls from there are always hashed and checked
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The tests are conducted by a cluster called [Hydra](https://nixos.org/hydra/),
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which also builds binary packages from the Nix expressions in Nixpkgs for
`x86_64-linux`, `i686-linux` and `x86_64-darwin`.
The binaries are made available via a [binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org).
DOC: Overview of Nixpkgs/channels/Hydra/tests (close #11263) What I missed when I began using Nix and NixOS was a clear overview of how packages, channels, Hydra, the master branch and updates to channels relate to each other. I've noticed I am not the only one, given the amount of times these questions pop up. For now I propose to include this in the Nixpkgs manual, since this seems to be the best fit. However, I think it would be good to include this in either a new manual, i.e., a user manual, or an 'official' tutorial.
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The current Nix expressions of the channels are available in the
Remove references to the nixpkgs-channels repo Channel branches are now provided in the nixpkgs repo. Issue #71176.
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[`nixpkgs`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs) repository in branches
updating stable nixos version in preface.
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that correspond to the channel names (e.g. `nixos-22.11-small`).
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