import base64 import io import os import queue import re import select import shlex import shutil import socket import subprocess import sys import tempfile import threading import time from contextlib import _GeneratorContextManager, nullcontext from pathlib import Path from queue import Queue from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple from test_driver.logger import rootlog CHAR_TO_KEY = { "A": "shift-a", "N": "shift-n", "-": "0x0C", "_": "shift-0x0C", "B": "shift-b", "O": "shift-o", "=": "0x0D", "+": "shift-0x0D", "C": "shift-c", "P": "shift-p", "[": "0x1A", "{": "shift-0x1A", "D": "shift-d", "Q": "shift-q", "]": "0x1B", "}": "shift-0x1B", "E": "shift-e", "R": "shift-r", ";": "0x27", ":": "shift-0x27", "F": "shift-f", "S": "shift-s", "'": "0x28", '"': "shift-0x28", "G": "shift-g", "T": "shift-t", "`": "0x29", "~": "shift-0x29", "H": "shift-h", "U": "shift-u", "\\": "0x2B", "|": "shift-0x2B", "I": "shift-i", "V": "shift-v", ",": "0x33", "<": "shift-0x33", "J": "shift-j", "W": "shift-w", ".": "0x34", ">": "shift-0x34", "K": "shift-k", "X": "shift-x", "/": "0x35", "?": "shift-0x35", "L": "shift-l", "Y": "shift-y", " ": "spc", "M": "shift-m", "Z": "shift-z", "\n": "ret", "!": "shift-0x02", "@": "shift-0x03", "#": "shift-0x04", "$": "shift-0x05", "%": "shift-0x06", "^": "shift-0x07", "&": "shift-0x08", "*": "shift-0x09", "(": "shift-0x0A", ")": "shift-0x0B", } def make_command(args: list) -> str: return " ".join(map(shlex.quote, (map(str, args)))) def _perform_ocr_on_screenshot( screenshot_path: str, model_ids: Iterable[int] ) -> List[str]: if shutil.which("tesseract") is None: raise Exception("OCR requested but enableOCR is false") magick_args = ( "-filter Catrom -density 72 -resample 300 " + "-contrast -normalize -despeckle -type grayscale " + "-sharpen 1 -posterize 3 -negate -gamma 100 " + "-blur 1x65535" ) tess_args = "-c debug_file=/dev/null --psm 11" cmd = f"convert {magick_args} '{screenshot_path}' 'tiff:{screenshot_path}.tiff'" ret = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True) if ret.returncode != 0: raise Exception(f"TIFF conversion failed with exit code {ret.returncode}") model_results = [] for model_id in model_ids: cmd = f"tesseract '{screenshot_path}.tiff' - {tess_args} --oem '{model_id}'" ret = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True) if ret.returncode != 0: raise Exception(f"OCR failed with exit code {ret.returncode}") model_results.append(ret.stdout.decode("utf-8")) return model_results def retry(fn: Callable, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """Call the given function repeatedly, with 1 second intervals, until it returns True or a timeout is reached. """ for _ in range(timeout): if fn(False): return time.sleep(1) if not fn(True): raise Exception(f"action timed out after {timeout} seconds") class StartCommand: """The Base Start Command knows how to append the necessary runtime qemu options as determined by a particular test driver run. Any such start command is expected to happily receive and append additional qemu args. """ _cmd: str def cmd( self, monitor_socket_path: Path, shell_socket_path: Path, allow_reboot: bool = False, ) -> str: display_opts = "" display_available = any(x in os.environ for x in ["DISPLAY", "WAYLAND_DISPLAY"]) if not display_available: display_opts += " -nographic" # qemu options qemu_opts = ( " -device virtio-serial" # Note: virtconsole will map to /dev/hvc0 in Linux guests " -device virtconsole,chardev=shell" " -device virtio-rng-pci" " -serial stdio" ) if not allow_reboot: qemu_opts += " -no-reboot" # TODO: qemu script already catpures this env variable, legacy? qemu_opts += " " + os.environ.get("QEMU_OPTS", "") return ( f"{self._cmd}" f" -monitor unix:{monitor_socket_path}" f" -chardev socket,id=shell,path={shell_socket_path}" f"{qemu_opts}" f"{display_opts}" ) @staticmethod def build_environment( state_dir: Path, shared_dir: Path, ) -> dict: # We make a copy to not update the current environment env = dict(os.environ) env.update( { "TMPDIR": str(state_dir), "SHARED_DIR": str(shared_dir), "USE_TMPDIR": "1", } ) return env def run( self, state_dir: Path, shared_dir: Path, monitor_socket_path: Path, shell_socket_path: Path, allow_reboot: bool, ) -> subprocess.Popen: return subprocess.Popen( self.cmd(monitor_socket_path, shell_socket_path, allow_reboot), stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True, cwd=state_dir, env=self.build_environment(state_dir, shared_dir), ) class NixStartScript(StartCommand): """A start script from nixos/modules/virtualiation/qemu-vm.nix that also satisfies the requirement of the BaseStartCommand. These Nix commands have the particular characteristic that the machine name can be extracted out of them via a regex match. (Admittedly a _very_ implicit contract, evtl. TODO fix) """ def __init__(self, script: str): self._cmd = script @property def machine_name(self) -> str: match = re.search("run-(.+)-vm$", self._cmd) name = "machine" if match: name = match.group(1) return name class LegacyStartCommand(StartCommand): """Used in some places to create an ad-hoc machine instead of using nix test instrumentation + module system for that purpose. Legacy. """ def __init__( self, netBackendArgs: Optional[str] = None, # noqa: N803 netFrontendArgs: Optional[str] = None, # noqa: N803 hda: Optional[Tuple[Path, str]] = None, cdrom: Optional[str] = None, usb: Optional[str] = None, bios: Optional[str] = None, qemuBinary: Optional[str] = None, # noqa: N803 qemuFlags: Optional[str] = None, # noqa: N803 ): if qemuBinary is not None: self._cmd = qemuBinary else: self._cmd = "qemu-kvm" self._cmd += " -m 384" # networking net_backend = "-netdev user,id=net0" net_frontend = "-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0" if netBackendArgs is not None: net_backend += "," + netBackendArgs if netFrontendArgs is not None: net_frontend += "," + netFrontendArgs self._cmd += f" {net_backend} {net_frontend}" # hda hda_cmd = "" if hda is not None: hda_path = hda[0].resolve() hda_interface = hda[1] if hda_interface == "scsi": hda_cmd += ( f" -drive id=hda,file={hda_path},werror=report,if=none" " -device scsi-hd,drive=hda" ) else: hda_cmd += f" -drive file={hda_path},if={hda_interface},werror=report" self._cmd += hda_cmd # cdrom if cdrom is not None: self._cmd += f" -cdrom {cdrom}" # usb usb_cmd = "" if usb is not None: # https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/docs/usb2.txt usb_cmd += ( " -device usb-ehci" f" -drive id=usbdisk,file={usb},if=none,readonly" " -device usb-storage,drive=usbdisk " ) self._cmd += usb_cmd # bios if bios is not None: self._cmd += f" -bios {bios}" # qemu flags if qemuFlags is not None: self._cmd += f" {qemuFlags}" class Machine: """A handle to the machine with this name, that also knows how to manage the machine lifecycle with the help of a start script / command.""" name: str out_dir: Path tmp_dir: Path shared_dir: Path state_dir: Path monitor_path: Path shell_path: Path start_command: StartCommand keep_vm_state: bool process: Optional[subprocess.Popen] pid: Optional[int] monitor: Optional[socket.socket] shell: Optional[socket.socket] serial_thread: Optional[threading.Thread] booted: bool connected: bool # Store last serial console lines for use # of wait_for_console_text last_lines: Queue = Queue() callbacks: List[Callable] def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"<Machine '{self.name}'>" def __init__( self, out_dir: Path, tmp_dir: Path, start_command: StartCommand, name: str = "machine", keep_vm_state: bool = False, callbacks: Optional[List[Callable]] = None, ) -> None: self.out_dir = out_dir self.tmp_dir = tmp_dir self.keep_vm_state = keep_vm_state self.name = name self.start_command = start_command self.callbacks = callbacks if callbacks is not None else [] # set up directories self.shared_dir = self.tmp_dir / "shared-xchg" self.shared_dir.mkdir(mode=0o700, exist_ok=True) self.state_dir = self.tmp_dir / f"vm-state-{self.name}" self.monitor_path = self.state_dir / "monitor" self.shell_path = self.state_dir / "shell" if (not self.keep_vm_state) and self.state_dir.exists(): self.cleanup_statedir() self.state_dir.mkdir(mode=0o700, exist_ok=True) self.process = None self.pid = None self.monitor = None self.shell = None self.serial_thread = None self.booted = False self.connected = False @staticmethod def create_startcommand(args: Dict[str, str]) -> StartCommand: rootlog.warning( "Using legacy create_startcommand(), " "please use proper nix test vm instrumentation, instead " "to generate the appropriate nixos test vm qemu startup script" ) hda = None if args.get("hda"): hda_arg: str = args.get("hda", "") hda_arg_path: Path = Path(hda_arg) hda = (hda_arg_path, args.get("hdaInterface", "")) return LegacyStartCommand( netBackendArgs=args.get("netBackendArgs"), netFrontendArgs=args.get("netFrontendArgs"), hda=hda, cdrom=args.get("cdrom"), usb=args.get("usb"), bios=args.get("bios"), qemuBinary=args.get("qemuBinary"), qemuFlags=args.get("qemuFlags"), ) def is_up(self) -> bool: return self.booted and self.connected def log(self, msg: str) -> None: rootlog.log(msg, {"machine": self.name}) def log_serial(self, msg: str) -> None: rootlog.log_serial(msg, self.name) def nested(self, msg: str, attrs: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> _GeneratorContextManager: my_attrs = {"machine": self.name} my_attrs.update(attrs) return rootlog.nested(msg, my_attrs) def wait_for_monitor_prompt(self) -> str: assert self.monitor is not None answer = "" while True: undecoded_answer = self.monitor.recv(1024) if not undecoded_answer: break answer += undecoded_answer.decode() if answer.endswith("(qemu) "): break return answer def send_monitor_command(self, command: str) -> str: """ Send a command to the QEMU monitor. This allows attaching virtual USB disks to a running machine, among other things. """ self.run_callbacks() message = f"{command}\n".encode() assert self.monitor is not None self.monitor.send(message) return self.wait_for_monitor_prompt() def wait_for_unit( self, unit: str, user: Optional[str] = None, timeout: int = 900 ) -> None: """ Wait for a systemd unit to get into "active" state. Throws exceptions on "failed" and "inactive" states as well as after timing out. """ def check_active(_: Any) -> bool: info = self.get_unit_info(unit, user) state = info["ActiveState"] if state == "failed": raise Exception(f'unit "{unit}" reached state "{state}"') if state == "inactive": status, jobs = self.systemctl("list-jobs --full 2>&1", user) if "No jobs" in jobs: info = self.get_unit_info(unit, user) if info["ActiveState"] == state: raise Exception( f'unit "{unit}" is inactive and there are no pending jobs' ) return state == "active" with self.nested( f"waiting for unit {unit}" + (f" with user {user}" if user is not None else "") ): retry(check_active, timeout) def get_unit_info(self, unit: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, str]: status, lines = self.systemctl(f'--no-pager show "{unit}"', user) if status != 0: raise Exception( f'retrieving systemctl info for unit "{unit}"' + ("" if user is None else f' under user "{user}"') + f" failed with exit code {status}" ) line_pattern = re.compile(r"^([^=]+)=(.*)$") def tuple_from_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]: match = line_pattern.match(line) assert match is not None return match[1], match[2] return dict( tuple_from_line(line) for line in lines.split("\n") if line_pattern.match(line) ) def systemctl(self, q: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: """ Runs `systemctl` commands with optional support for `systemctl --user` ```py # run `systemctl list-jobs --no-pager` machine.systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager") # spawn a shell for `any-user` and run # `systemctl --user list-jobs --no-pager` machine.systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager", "any-user") ``` """ if user is not None: q = q.replace("'", "\\'") return self.execute( f"su -l {user} --shell /bin/sh -c " "$'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/`id -u` " f"systemctl --user {q}'" ) return self.execute(f"systemctl {q}") def require_unit_state(self, unit: str, require_state: str = "active") -> None: with self.nested( f"checking if unit '{unit}' has reached state '{require_state}'" ): info = self.get_unit_info(unit) state = info["ActiveState"] if state != require_state: raise Exception( f"Expected unit '{unit}' to to be in state " f"'{require_state}' but it is in state '{state}'" ) def _next_newline_closed_block_from_shell(self) -> str: assert self.shell output_buffer = [] while True: # This receives up to 4096 bytes from the socket chunk = self.shell.recv(4096) if not chunk: # Probably a broken pipe, return the output we have break decoded = chunk.decode() output_buffer += [decoded] if decoded[-1] == "\n": break return "".join(output_buffer) def execute( self, command: str, check_return: bool = True, check_output: bool = True, timeout: Optional[int] = 900, ) -> Tuple[int, str]: """ Execute a shell command, returning a list `(status, stdout)`. Commands are run with `set -euo pipefail` set: - If several commands are separated by `;` and one fails, the command as a whole will fail. - For pipelines, the last non-zero exit status will be returned (if there is one; otherwise zero will be returned). - Dereferencing unset variables fails the command. - It will wait for stdout to be closed. If the command detaches, it must close stdout, as `execute` will wait for this to consume all output reliably. This can be achieved by redirecting stdout to stderr `>&2`, to `/dev/console`, `/dev/null` or a file. Examples of detaching commands are `sleep 365d &`, where the shell forks a new process that can write to stdout and `xclip -i`, where the `xclip` command itself forks without closing stdout. Takes an optional parameter `check_return` that defaults to `True`. Setting this parameter to `False` will not check for the return code and return -1 instead. This can be used for commands that shut down the VM and would therefore break the pipe that would be used for retrieving the return code. A timeout for the command can be specified (in seconds) using the optional `timeout` parameter, e.g., `execute(cmd, timeout=10)` or `execute(cmd, timeout=None)`. The default is 900 seconds. """ self.run_callbacks() self.connect() # Always run command with shell opts command = f"set -euo pipefail; {command}" timeout_str = "" if timeout is not None: timeout_str = f"timeout {timeout}" # While sh is bash on NixOS, this is not the case for every distro. # We explicitly call bash here to allow for the driver to boot other distros as well. out_command = ( f"{timeout_str} bash -c {shlex.quote(command)} | (base64 -w 0; echo)\n" ) assert self.shell self.shell.send(out_command.encode()) if not check_output: return (-2, "") # Get the output output = base64.b64decode(self._next_newline_closed_block_from_shell()) if not check_return: return (-1, output.decode()) # Get the return code self.shell.send(b"echo ${PIPESTATUS[0]}\n") rc = int(self._next_newline_closed_block_from_shell().strip()) return (rc, output.decode(errors="replace")) def shell_interact(self, address: Optional[str] = None) -> None: """ Allows you to directly interact with the guest shell. This should only be used during test development, not in production tests. Killing the interactive session with `Ctrl-d` or `Ctrl-c` also ends the guest session. """ self.connect() if address is None: address = "READLINE,prompt=$ " self.log("Terminal is ready (there is no initial prompt):") assert self.shell try: subprocess.run( ["socat", address, f"FD:{self.shell.fileno()}"], pass_fds=[self.shell.fileno()], ) # allow users to cancel this command without breaking the test except KeyboardInterrupt: pass def console_interact(self) -> None: """ Allows you to directly interact with QEMU's stdin, by forwarding terminal input to the QEMU process. This is for use with the interactive test driver, not for production tests, which run unattended. Output from QEMU is only read line-wise. `Ctrl-c` kills QEMU and `Ctrl-d` closes console and returns to the test runner. """ self.log("Terminal is ready (there is no prompt):") assert self.process assert self.process.stdin while True: try: char = sys.stdin.buffer.read(1) except KeyboardInterrupt: break if char == b"": # ctrl+d self.log("Closing connection to the console") break self.send_console(char.decode()) def succeed(self, *commands: str, timeout: Optional[int] = None) -> str: """ Execute a shell command, raising an exception if the exit status is not zero, otherwise returning the standard output. Similar to `execute`, except that the timeout is `None` by default. See `execute` for details on command execution. """ output = "" for command in commands: with self.nested(f"must succeed: {command}"): (status, out) = self.execute(command, timeout=timeout) if status != 0: self.log(f"output: {out}") raise Exception(f"command `{command}` failed (exit code {status})") output += out return output def fail(self, *commands: str, timeout: Optional[int] = None) -> str: """ Like `succeed`, but raising an exception if the command returns a zero status. """ output = "" for command in commands: with self.nested(f"must fail: {command}"): (status, out) = self.execute(command, timeout=timeout) if status == 0: raise Exception(f"command `{command}` unexpectedly succeeded") output += out return output def wait_until_succeeds(self, command: str, timeout: int = 900) -> str: """ Repeat a shell command with 1-second intervals until it succeeds. Has a default timeout of 900 seconds which can be modified, e.g. `wait_until_succeeds(cmd, timeout=10)`. See `execute` for details on command execution. Throws an exception on timeout. """ output = "" def check_success(_: Any) -> bool: nonlocal output status, output = self.execute(command, timeout=timeout) return status == 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for success: {command}"): retry(check_success, timeout) return output def wait_until_fails(self, command: str, timeout: int = 900) -> str: """ Like `wait_until_succeeds`, but repeating the command until it fails. """ output = "" def check_failure(_: Any) -> bool: nonlocal output status, output = self.execute(command, timeout=timeout) return status != 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for failure: {command}"): retry(check_failure, timeout) return output def wait_for_shutdown(self) -> None: if not self.booted: return with self.nested("waiting for the VM to power off"): sys.stdout.flush() assert self.process self.process.wait() self.pid = None self.booted = False self.connected = False def get_tty_text(self, tty: str) -> str: status, output = self.execute( f"fold -w$(stty -F /dev/tty{tty} size | " f"awk '{{print $2}}') /dev/vcs{tty}" ) return output def wait_until_tty_matches(self, tty: str, regexp: str, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """Wait until the visible output on the chosen TTY matches regular expression. Throws an exception on timeout. """ matcher = re.compile(regexp) def tty_matches(last: bool) -> bool: text = self.get_tty_text(tty) if last: self.log( f"Last chance to match /{regexp}/ on TTY{tty}, " f"which currently contains: {text}" ) return len(matcher.findall(text)) > 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for {regexp} to appear on tty {tty}"): retry(tty_matches, timeout) def send_chars(self, chars: str, delay: Optional[float] = 0.01) -> None: """ Simulate typing a sequence of characters on the virtual keyboard, e.g., `send_chars("foobar\n")` will type the string `foobar` followed by the Enter key. """ with self.nested(f"sending keys {repr(chars)}"): for char in chars: self.send_key(char, delay, log=False) def wait_for_file(self, filename: str, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """ Waits until the file exists in the machine's file system. """ def check_file(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute(f"test -e {filename}") return status == 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for file '{filename}'"): retry(check_file, timeout) def wait_for_open_port( self, port: int, addr: str = "localhost", timeout: int = 900 ) -> None: """ Wait until a process is listening on the given TCP port and IP address (default `localhost`). """ def port_is_open(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute(f"nc -z {addr} {port}") return status == 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for TCP port {port} on {addr}"): retry(port_is_open, timeout) def wait_for_closed_port( self, port: int, addr: str = "localhost", timeout: int = 900 ) -> None: """ Wait until nobody is listening on the given TCP port and IP address (default `localhost`). """ def port_is_closed(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute(f"nc -z {addr} {port}") return status != 0 with self.nested(f"waiting for TCP port {port} on {addr} to be closed"): retry(port_is_closed, timeout) def start_job(self, jobname: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: return self.systemctl(f"start {jobname}", user) def stop_job(self, jobname: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: return self.systemctl(f"stop {jobname}", user) def wait_for_job(self, jobname: str) -> None: self.wait_for_unit(jobname) def connect(self) -> None: def shell_ready(timeout_secs: int) -> bool: """We sent some data from the backdoor service running on the guest to indicate that the backdoor shell is ready. As soon as we read some data from the socket here, we assume that our root shell is operational. """ (ready, _, _) = select.select([self.shell], [], [], timeout_secs) return bool(ready) if self.connected: return with self.nested("waiting for the VM to finish booting"): self.start() assert self.shell tic = time.time() # TODO: do we want to bail after a set number of attempts? while not shell_ready(timeout_secs=30): self.log("Guest root shell did not produce any data yet...") self.log( " To debug, enter the VM and run 'systemctl status backdoor.service'." ) while True: chunk = self.shell.recv(1024) # No need to print empty strings, it means we are waiting. if len(chunk) == 0: continue self.log(f"Guest shell says: {chunk!r}") # NOTE: for this to work, nothing must be printed after this line! if b"Spawning backdoor root shell..." in chunk: break toc = time.time() self.log("connected to guest root shell") self.log(f"(connecting took {toc - tic:.2f} seconds)") self.connected = True def screenshot(self, filename: str) -> None: """ Take a picture of the display of the virtual machine, in PNG format. The screenshot will be available in the derivation output. """ if "." not in filename: filename += ".png" if "/" not in filename: filename = os.path.join(self.out_dir, filename) tmp = f"{filename}.ppm" with self.nested( f"making screenshot {filename}", {"image": os.path.basename(filename)}, ): self.send_monitor_command(f"screendump {tmp}") ret = subprocess.run(f"pnmtopng '{tmp}' > '{filename}'", shell=True) os.unlink(tmp) if ret.returncode != 0: raise Exception("Cannot convert screenshot") def copy_from_host_via_shell(self, source: str, target: str) -> None: """Copy a file from the host into the guest by piping it over the shell into the destination file. Works without host-guest shared folder. Prefer copy_from_host for whenever possible. """ with open(source, "rb") as fh: content_b64 = base64.b64encode(fh.read()).decode() self.succeed( f"mkdir -p $(dirname {target})", f"echo -n {content_b64} | base64 -d > {target}", ) def copy_from_host(self, source: str, target: str) -> None: """ Copies a file from host to machine, e.g., `copy_from_host("myfile", "/etc/my/important/file")`. The first argument is the file on the host. Note that the "host" refers to the environment in which the test driver runs, which is typically the Nix build sandbox. The second argument is the location of the file on the machine that will be written to. The file is copied via the `shared_dir` directory which is shared among all the VMs (using a temporary directory). The access rights bits will mimic the ones from the host file and user:group will be root:root. """ host_src = Path(source) vm_target = Path(target) with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=self.shared_dir) as shared_td: shared_temp = Path(shared_td) host_intermediate = shared_temp / host_src.name vm_shared_temp = Path("/tmp/shared") / shared_temp.name vm_intermediate = vm_shared_temp / host_src.name self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_shared_temp])) if host_src.is_dir(): shutil.copytree(host_src, host_intermediate) else: shutil.copy(host_src, host_intermediate) self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_target.parent])) self.succeed(make_command(["cp", "-r", vm_intermediate, vm_target])) def copy_from_vm(self, source: str, target_dir: str = "") -> None: """Copy a file from the VM (specified by an in-VM source path) to a path relative to `$out`. The file is copied via the `shared_dir` shared among all the VMs (using a temporary directory). """ # Compute the source, target, and intermediate shared file names vm_src = Path(source) with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=self.shared_dir) as shared_td: shared_temp = Path(shared_td) vm_shared_temp = Path("/tmp/shared") / shared_temp.name vm_intermediate = vm_shared_temp / vm_src.name intermediate = shared_temp / vm_src.name # Copy the file to the shared directory inside VM self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_shared_temp])) self.succeed(make_command(["cp", "-r", vm_src, vm_intermediate])) abs_target = self.out_dir / target_dir / vm_src.name abs_target.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True) # Copy the file from the shared directory outside VM if intermediate.is_dir(): shutil.copytree(intermediate, abs_target) else: shutil.copy(intermediate, abs_target) def dump_tty_contents(self, tty: str) -> None: """Debugging: Dump the contents of the TTY<n>""" self.execute(f"fold -w 80 /dev/vcs{tty} | systemd-cat") def _get_screen_text_variants(self, model_ids: Iterable[int]) -> List[str]: with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: screenshot_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "ppm") self.send_monitor_command(f"screendump {screenshot_path}") return _perform_ocr_on_screenshot(screenshot_path, model_ids) def get_screen_text_variants(self) -> List[str]: """ Return a list of different interpretations of what is currently visible on the machine's screen using optical character recognition. The number and order of the interpretations is not specified and is subject to change, but if no exception is raised at least one will be returned. ::: {.note} This requires [`enableOCR`](#test-opt-enableOCR) to be set to `true`. ::: """ return self._get_screen_text_variants([0, 1, 2]) def get_screen_text(self) -> str: """ Return a textual representation of what is currently visible on the machine's screen using optical character recognition. ::: {.note} This requires [`enableOCR`](#test-opt-enableOCR) to be set to `true`. ::: """ return self._get_screen_text_variants([2])[0] def wait_for_text(self, regex: str, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """ Wait until the supplied regular expressions matches the textual contents of the screen by using optical character recognition (see `get_screen_text` and `get_screen_text_variants`). ::: {.note} This requires [`enableOCR`](#test-opt-enableOCR) to be set to `true`. ::: """ def screen_matches(last: bool) -> bool: variants = self.get_screen_text_variants() for text in variants: if re.search(regex, text) is not None: return True if last: self.log(f"Last OCR attempt failed. Text was: {variants}") return False with self.nested(f"waiting for {regex} to appear on screen"): retry(screen_matches, timeout) def wait_for_console_text(self, regex: str, timeout: int | None = None) -> None: """ Wait until the supplied regular expressions match a line of the serial console output. This method is useful when OCR is not possible or inaccurate. """ # Buffer the console output, this is needed # to match multiline regexes. console = io.StringIO() def console_matches(_: Any) -> bool: nonlocal console try: # This will return as soon as possible and # sleep 1 second. console.write(self.last_lines.get(block=False)) except queue.Empty: pass console.seek(0) matches = re.search(regex, console.read()) return matches is not None with self.nested(f"waiting for {regex} to appear on console"): if timeout is not None: retry(console_matches, timeout) else: while not console_matches(False): pass def send_key( self, key: str, delay: Optional[float] = 0.01, log: Optional[bool] = True ) -> None: """ Simulate pressing keys on the virtual keyboard, e.g., `send_key("ctrl-alt-delete")`. Please also refer to the QEMU documentation for more information on the input syntax: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/QEMU/Monitor#sendkey_keys """ key = CHAR_TO_KEY.get(key, key) context = self.nested(f"sending key {repr(key)}") if log else nullcontext() with context: self.send_monitor_command(f"sendkey {key}") if delay is not None: time.sleep(delay) def send_console(self, chars: str) -> None: r""" Send keys to the kernel console. This allows interaction with the systemd emergency mode, for example. Takes a string that is sent, e.g., `send_console("\n\nsystemctl default\n")`. """ assert self.process assert self.process.stdin self.process.stdin.write(chars.encode()) self.process.stdin.flush() def start(self, allow_reboot: bool = False) -> None: """ Start the virtual machine. This method is asynchronous --- it does not wait for the machine to finish booting. """ if self.booted: return self.log("starting vm") def clear(path: Path) -> Path: if path.exists(): path.unlink() return path def create_socket(path: Path) -> socket.socket: s = socket.socket(family=socket.AF_UNIX, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.bind(str(path)) s.listen(1) return s monitor_socket = create_socket(clear(self.monitor_path)) shell_socket = create_socket(clear(self.shell_path)) self.process = self.start_command.run( self.state_dir, self.shared_dir, self.monitor_path, self.shell_path, allow_reboot, ) self.monitor, _ = monitor_socket.accept() self.shell, _ = shell_socket.accept() # Store last serial console lines for use # of wait_for_console_text self.last_lines: Queue = Queue() def process_serial_output() -> None: assert self.process assert self.process.stdout for _line in self.process.stdout: # Ignore undecodable bytes that may occur in boot menus line = _line.decode(errors="ignore").replace("\r", "").rstrip() self.last_lines.put(line) self.log_serial(line) self.serial_thread = threading.Thread(target=process_serial_output) self.serial_thread.start() self.wait_for_monitor_prompt() self.pid = self.process.pid self.booted = True self.log(f"QEMU running (pid {self.pid})") def cleanup_statedir(self) -> None: shutil.rmtree(self.state_dir) rootlog.log(f"deleting VM state directory {self.state_dir}") rootlog.log("if you want to keep the VM state, pass --keep-vm-state") def shutdown(self) -> None: """ Shut down the machine, waiting for the VM to exit. """ if not self.booted: return assert self.shell self.shell.send(b"poweroff\n") self.wait_for_shutdown() def crash(self) -> None: """ Simulate a sudden power failure, by telling the VM to exit immediately. """ if not self.booted: return self.log("forced crash") self.send_monitor_command("quit") self.wait_for_shutdown() def reboot(self) -> None: """Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete in the guest. Prepares the machine to be reconnected which is useful if the machine was started with `allow_reboot = True` """ self.send_key("ctrl-alt-delete") self.connected = False def wait_for_x(self, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """ Wait until it is possible to connect to the X server. """ def check_x(_: Any) -> bool: cmd = ( "journalctl -b SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=systemd | " + 'grep "Reached target Current graphical"' ) status, _ = self.execute(cmd) if status != 0: return False status, _ = self.execute("[ -e /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 ]") return status == 0 with self.nested("waiting for the X11 server"): retry(check_x, timeout) def get_window_names(self) -> List[str]: return self.succeed( r"xwininfo -root -tree | sed 's/.*0x[0-9a-f]* \"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/; t; d'" ).splitlines() def wait_for_window(self, regexp: str, timeout: int = 900) -> None: """ Wait until an X11 window has appeared whose name matches the given regular expression, e.g., `wait_for_window("Terminal")`. """ pattern = re.compile(regexp) def window_is_visible(last_try: bool) -> bool: names = self.get_window_names() if last_try: self.log( f"Last chance to match {regexp} on the window list," + " which currently contains: " + ", ".join(names) ) return any(pattern.search(name) for name in names) with self.nested("waiting for a window to appear"): retry(window_is_visible, timeout) def sleep(self, secs: int) -> None: # We want to sleep in *guest* time, not *host* time. self.succeed(f"sleep {secs}") def forward_port(self, host_port: int = 8080, guest_port: int = 80) -> None: """ Forward a TCP port on the host to a TCP port on the guest. Useful during interactive testing. """ self.send_monitor_command(f"hostfwd_add tcp::{host_port}-:{guest_port}") def block(self) -> None: """ Simulate unplugging the Ethernet cable that connects the machine to the other machines. This happens by shutting down eth1 (the multicast interface used to talk to the other VMs). eth0 is kept online to still enable the test driver to communicate with the machine. """ self.send_monitor_command("set_link virtio-net-pci.1 off") def unblock(self) -> None: """ Undo the effect of `block`. """ self.send_monitor_command("set_link virtio-net-pci.1 on") def release(self) -> None: if self.pid is None: return rootlog.info(f"kill machine (pid {self.pid})") assert self.process assert self.shell assert self.monitor assert self.serial_thread self.process.terminate() self.shell.close() self.monitor.close() self.serial_thread.join() def run_callbacks(self) -> None: for callback in self.callbacks: callback()