nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual/from_md/administration/network-problems.section.xml

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:id="sec-nix-network-issues">
<title>Network Problems</title>
<para>
Nix uses a so-called <emphasis>binary cache</emphasis> to optimise
building a package from source into downloading it as a pre-built
binary. That is, whenever a command like
<literal>nixos-rebuild</literal> needs a path in the Nix store, Nix
will try to download that path from the Internet rather than build
it from source. The default binary cache is
<literal>https://cache.nixos.org/</literal>. If this cache is
unreachable, Nix operations may take a long time due to HTTP
connection timeouts. You can disable the use of the binary cache by
adding <literal>--option use-binary-caches false</literal>, e.g.
</para>
<programlisting>
# nixos-rebuild switch --option use-binary-caches false
</programlisting>
<para>
If you have an alternative binary cache at your disposal, you can
use it instead:
</para>
<programlisting>
# nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches http://my-cache.example.org/
</programlisting>
</section>