829 lines
34 KiB
XML
829 lines
34 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||
xml:id="users-guide-to-the-haskell-infrastructure">
|
||
|
||
<title>User's Guide to the Haskell Infrastructure</title>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-install-haskell-packages">
|
||
<title>How to install Haskell packages</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Nixpkgs distributes build instructions for all Haskell packages
|
||
registered on
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://hackage.haskell.org/">Hackage</link>, but
|
||
strangely enough normal Nix package lookups don't seem to discover
|
||
any of them:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -qa cabal-install
|
||
error: selector ‘cabal-install’ matches no derivations
|
||
|
||
$ nix-env -i ghc
|
||
error: selector ‘ghc’ matches no derivations
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Haskell package set is not registered in the top-level namespace
|
||
because it is <emphasis>huge</emphasis>. If all Haskell packages
|
||
were visible to these commands, then name-based search/install
|
||
operations would be much slower than they are now. We avoided that
|
||
by keeping all Haskell-related packages in a separate attribute set
|
||
called <literal>haskellPackages</literal>, which the following
|
||
command will list:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -qaP -A haskellPackages
|
||
haskellPackages.a50 a50-0.5
|
||
haskellPackages.abacate haskell-abacate-0.0.0.0
|
||
haskellPackages.abcBridge haskell-abcBridge-0.12
|
||
haskellPackages.afv afv-0.1.1
|
||
haskellPackages.alex alex-3.1.4
|
||
haskellPackages.Allure Allure-0.4.101.1
|
||
haskellPackages.alms alms-0.6.7
|
||
[... some 8000 entries omitted ...]
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
To install any of those packages into your profile, refer to them by
|
||
their attribute path (first column):
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA haskellPackages.Allure ...
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The attribute path of any Haskell packages corresponds to the name
|
||
of that particular package on Hackage: the package
|
||
<literal>cabal-install</literal> has the attribute
|
||
<literal>haskellPackages.cabal-install</literal>, and so on.
|
||
(Actually, this convention causes trouble with packages like
|
||
<literal>3dmodels</literal> and <literal>4Blocks</literal>, because
|
||
these names are invalid identifiers in the Nix language. The issue
|
||
of how to deal with these rare corner cases is currently
|
||
unresolved.)
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Haskell packages who's Nix name (second column) begins with a
|
||
<literal>haskell-</literal> prefix are packages that provide a
|
||
library whereas packages without that prefix provide just
|
||
executables. Libraries may provide executables too, though: the
|
||
package <literal>haskell-pandoc</literal>, for example, installs
|
||
both a library and an application. You can install and use Haskell
|
||
executables just like any other program in Nixpkgs, but using
|
||
Haskell libraries for development is a bit trickier and we'll
|
||
address that subject in great detail in section
|
||
<link linkend="how-to-create-a-development-environment">How to
|
||
create a development environment</link>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Attribute paths are deterministic inside of Nixpkgs, but the path
|
||
necessary to reach Nixpkgs varies from system to system. We dodged
|
||
that problem by giving <literal>nix-env</literal> an explicit
|
||
<literal>-f "<nixpkgs>"</literal> parameter, but if
|
||
you call <literal>nix-env</literal> without that flag, then chances
|
||
are the invocation fails:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -iA haskellPackages.cabal-install
|
||
error: attribute ‘haskellPackages’ in selection path
|
||
‘haskellPackages.cabal-install’ not found
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
On NixOS, for example, Nixpkgs does <emphasis>not</emphasis> exist
|
||
in the top-level namespace by default. To figure out the proper
|
||
attribute path, it's easiest to query for the path of a well-known
|
||
Nixpkgs package, i.e.:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -qaP coreutils
|
||
nixos.coreutils coreutils-8.23
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If your system responds like that (most NixOS installations will),
|
||
then the attribute path to <literal>haskellPackages</literal> is
|
||
<literal>nixos.haskellPackages</literal>. Thus, if you want to
|
||
use <literal>nix-env</literal> without giving an explicit
|
||
<literal>-f</literal> flag, then that's the way to do it:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -qaP -A nixos.haskellPackages
|
||
$ nix-env -iA nixos.haskellPackages.cabal-install
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Our current default compiler is GHC 7.10.x and the
|
||
<literal>haskellPackages</literal> set contains packages built with
|
||
that particular version. Nixpkgs contains the latest major release
|
||
of every GHC since 6.10.4, however, and there is a whole family of
|
||
package sets available that defines Hackage packages built with each
|
||
of those compilers, too:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -qaP -A haskell.packages.ghc6123
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -qaP -A haskell.packages.ghc763
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The name <literal>haskellPackages</literal> is really just a synonym
|
||
for <literal>haskell.packages.ghc7101</literal>, because we prefer
|
||
that package set internally and recommend it to our users as their
|
||
default choice, but ultimately you are free to compile your Haskell
|
||
packages with any GHC version you please. The following command
|
||
displays the complete list of available compilers:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -qaP -A haskell.compiler
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc6104 ghc-6.10.4
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc6123 ghc-6.12.3
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc704 ghc-7.0.4
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc722 ghc-7.2.2
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc742 ghc-7.4.2
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc763 ghc-7.6.3
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc784 ghc-7.8.4
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghc7101 ghc-7.10.1
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghcHEAD ghc-7.11.20150402
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghcNokinds ghc-nokinds-7.11.20150704
|
||
haskell.compiler.ghcjs ghcjs-0.1.0
|
||
haskell.compiler.jhc jhc-0.8.2
|
||
haskell.compiler.uhc uhc-1.1.9.0
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
We have no package sets for <literal>jhc</literal> or
|
||
<literal>uhc</literal> yet, unfortunately, but for every version of
|
||
GHC listed above, there exists a package set based on that compiler.
|
||
Also, the attributes <literal>haskell.compiler.ghcXYC</literal> and
|
||
<literal>haskell.packages.ghcXYC.ghc</literal> are synonymous for
|
||
the sake of convenience.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-create-a-development-environment">
|
||
<title>How to create a development environment</title>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-install-a-compiler">
|
||
<title>How to install a compiler</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
A simple development environment consists of a Haskell compiler
|
||
and the tool <literal>cabal-install</literal>, and we saw in
|
||
section <link linkend="how-to-install-haskell-packages">How to
|
||
install Haskell packages</link> how you can install those programs
|
||
into your user profile:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA haskellPackages.ghc haskellPackages.cabal-install
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Instead of the default package set
|
||
<literal>haskellPackages</literal>, you can also use the more
|
||
precise name <literal>haskell.compiler.ghc7101</literal>, which
|
||
has the advantage that it refers to the same GHC version
|
||
regardless of what Nixpkgs considers "default" at any
|
||
given time.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Once you've made those tools available in
|
||
<literal>$PATH</literal>, it's possible to build Hackage packages
|
||
the same way people without access to Nix do it all the time:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal get lens-4.11 && cd lens-4.11
|
||
$ cabal install -j --dependencies-only
|
||
$ cabal configure
|
||
$ cabal build
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you enjoy working with Cabal sandboxes, then that's entirely
|
||
possible too: just execute the command
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal sandbox init
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
before installing the required dependencies.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The <literal>nix-shell</literal> utility makes it easy to switch
|
||
to a different compiler version; just enter the Nix shell
|
||
environment with the command
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-shell -p haskell.compiler.ghc784
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
to bring GHC 7.8.4 into <literal>$PATH</literal>. Re-running
|
||
<literal>cabal configure</literal> switches your build to use that
|
||
compiler instead. If you're working on a project that doesn't
|
||
depend on any additional system libraries outside of GHC, then
|
||
it's sufficient even to run the <literal>cabal configure</literal>
|
||
command inside of the shell:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-shell -p haskell.compiler.ghc784 --command "cabal configure"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Afterwards, all other commands like <literal>cabal build</literal>
|
||
work just fine in any shell environment, because the configure
|
||
phase recorded the absolute paths to all required tools like GHC
|
||
in its build configuration inside of the <literal>dist/</literal>
|
||
directory. Please note, however, that
|
||
<literal>nix-collect-garbage</literal> can break such an
|
||
environment because the Nix store paths created by
|
||
<literal>nix-shell</literal> aren't "alive" anymore once
|
||
<literal>nix-shell</literal> has terminated. If you find that your
|
||
Haskell builds no longer work after garbage collection, then
|
||
you'll have to re-run <literal>cabal configure</literal> inside of
|
||
a new <literal>nix-shell</literal> environment.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-install-a-compiler-with-libraries">
|
||
<title>How to install a compiler with libraries</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
GHC expects to find all installed libraries inside of its own
|
||
<literal>lib</literal> directory. This approach works fine on
|
||
traditional Unix systems, but it doesn't work for Nix, because
|
||
GHC's store path is immutable once it's built. We cannot install
|
||
additional libraries into that location. As a consequence, our
|
||
copies of GHC don't know any packages except their own core
|
||
libraries, like <literal>base</literal>,
|
||
<literal>containers</literal>, <literal>Cabal</literal>, etc.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
We can register additional libraries to GHC, however, using a
|
||
special build function called <literal>ghcWithPackages</literal>.
|
||
That function expects one argument: a function that maps from an
|
||
attribute set of Haskell packages to a list of packages, which
|
||
determines the libraries known to that particular version of GHC.
|
||
For example, the Nix expression
|
||
<literal>ghcWithPackages (pkgs: [pkgs.mtl])</literal> generates a
|
||
copy of GHC that has the <literal>mtl</literal> library registered
|
||
in addition to its normal core packages:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-shell -p "haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (pkgs: [pkgs.mtl])"
|
||
|
||
[nix-shell:~]$ ghc-pkg list mtl
|
||
/nix/store/zy79...-ghc-7.10.1/lib/ghc-7.10.1/package.conf.d:
|
||
mtl-2.2.1
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
This function allows users to define their own development
|
||
environment by means of an override. After adding the following
|
||
snippet to <literal>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</literal>,
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = super: let self = super.pkgs; in
|
||
{
|
||
myHaskellEnv = self.haskell.packages.ghc7101.ghcWithPackages
|
||
(haskellPackages: with haskellPackages; [
|
||
# libraries
|
||
arrows async cgi criterion
|
||
# tools
|
||
cabal-install haskintex
|
||
]);
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
it's possible to install that compiler with
|
||
<literal>nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA myHaskellEnv</literal>.
|
||
If you'd like to switch that development environment to a
|
||
different version of GHC, just replace the
|
||
<literal>ghc7101</literal> bit in the previous definition with the
|
||
appropriate name. Of course, it's also possible to define any
|
||
number of these development environments! (You can't install two
|
||
of them into the same profile at the same time, though, because
|
||
that would result in file conflicts.)
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The generated <literal>ghc</literal> program is a wrapper script
|
||
that re-directs the real GHC executable to use a new
|
||
<literal>lib</literal> directory --- one that we specifically
|
||
constructed to contain all those packages the user requested:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cat $(type -p ghc)
|
||
#! /nix/store/xlxj...-bash-4.3-p33/bin/bash -e
|
||
export NIX_GHC=/nix/store/19sm...-ghc-7.10.1/bin/ghc
|
||
export NIX_GHCPKG=/nix/store/19sm...-ghc-7.10.1/bin/ghc-pkg
|
||
export NIX_GHC_DOCDIR=/nix/store/19sm...-ghc-7.10.1/share/doc/ghc/html
|
||
export NIX_GHC_LIBDIR=/nix/store/19sm...-ghc-7.10.1/lib/ghc-7.10.1
|
||
exec /nix/store/j50p...-ghc-7.10.1/bin/ghc "-B$NIX_GHC_LIBDIR" "$@"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The variables <literal>$NIX_GHC</literal>,
|
||
<literal>$NIX_GHCPKG</literal>, etc. point to the
|
||
<emphasis>new</emphasis> store path
|
||
<literal>ghcWithPackages</literal> constructed specifically for
|
||
this environment. The last line of the wrapper script then
|
||
executes the real <literal>ghc</literal>, but passes the path to
|
||
the new <literal>lib</literal> directory using GHC's
|
||
<literal>-B</literal> flag.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The purpose of those environment variables is to work around an
|
||
impurity in the popular
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/ghc-paths">ghc-paths</link>
|
||
library. That library promises to give its users access to GHC's
|
||
installation paths. Only, the library can't possible know that
|
||
path when it's compiled, because the path GHC considers its own is
|
||
determined only much later, when the user configures it through
|
||
<literal>ghcWithPackages</literal>. So we
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/ghc-paths-nix.patch">patched
|
||
ghc-paths</link> to return the paths found in those environment
|
||
variables at run-time rather than trying to guess them at
|
||
compile-time.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
To make sure that mechanism works properly all the time, we
|
||
recommend that you set those variables to meaningful values in
|
||
your shell environment, too, i.e. by adding the following code to
|
||
your <literal>~/.bashrc</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
if type >/dev/null 2>&1 -p ghc; then
|
||
eval "$(egrep ^export "$(type -p ghc)")"
|
||
fi
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you are certain that you'll use only one GHC environment which
|
||
is located in your user profile, then you can use the following
|
||
code, too, which has the advantage that it doesn't contain any
|
||
paths from the Nix store, i.e. those settings always remain valid
|
||
even if a <literal>nix-env -u</literal> operation updates the GHC
|
||
environment in your profile:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
if [ -e ~/.nix-profile/bin/ghc ]; then
|
||
export NIX_GHC="$HOME/.nix-profile/bin/ghc"
|
||
export NIX_GHCPKG="$HOME/.nix-profile/bin/ghc-pkg"
|
||
export NIX_GHC_DOCDIR="$HOME/.nix-profile/share/doc/ghc/html"
|
||
export NIX_GHC_LIBDIR="$HOME/.nix-profile/lib/ghc-$($NIX_GHC --numeric-version)"
|
||
fi
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-create-ad-hoc-environments-for-nix-shell">
|
||
<title>How to create ad hoc environments for
|
||
<literal>nix-shell</literal></title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The easiest way to create an ad hoc development environment is to
|
||
run <literal>nix-shell</literal> with the appropriate GHC
|
||
environment given on the command-line:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
nix-shell -p "haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (pkgs: with pkgs; [mtl pandoc])"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
For more sophisticated use-cases, however, it's more convenient to
|
||
save the desired configuration in a file called
|
||
<literal>shell.nix</literal> that looks like this:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{ nixpkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {}, compiler ? "ghc7101" }:
|
||
let
|
||
inherit (nixpkgs) pkgs;
|
||
ghc = pkgs.haskell.packages.${compiler}.ghcWithPackages (ps: with ps; [
|
||
monad-par mtl
|
||
]);
|
||
in
|
||
pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
|
||
name = "my-haskell-env-0";
|
||
buildInputs = [ ghc ];
|
||
shellHook = "eval $(egrep ^export ${ghc}/bin/ghc)";
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Now run <literal>nix-shell</literal> --- or even
|
||
<literal>nix-shell --pure</literal> --- to enter a shell
|
||
environment that has the appropriate compiler in
|
||
<literal>$PATH</literal>. If you use <literal>--pure</literal>,
|
||
then add all other packages that your development environment
|
||
needs into the <literal>buildInputs</literal> attribute. If you'd
|
||
like to switch to a different compiler version, then pass an
|
||
appropriate <literal>compiler</literal> argument to the
|
||
expression, i.e.
|
||
<literal>nix-shell --argstr compiler ghc784</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you need such an environment because you'd like to compile a
|
||
Hackage package outside of Nix --- i.e. because you're hacking on
|
||
the latest version from Git ---, then the package set provides
|
||
suitable nix-shell environments for you already! Every Haskell
|
||
package has an <literal>env</literal> attribute that provides a
|
||
shell environment suitable for compiling that particular package.
|
||
If you'd like to hack the <literal>lens</literal> library, for
|
||
example, then you just have to check out the source code and enter
|
||
the appropriate environment:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal get lens-4.11 && cd lens-4.11
|
||
Downloading lens-4.11...
|
||
Unpacking to lens-4.11/
|
||
|
||
$ nix-shell "<nixpkgs>" -A haskellPackages.lens.env
|
||
[nix-shell:/tmp/lens-4.11]$
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
At point, you can run <literal>cabal configure</literal>,
|
||
<literal>cabal build</literal>, and all the other development
|
||
commands. Note that you need <literal>cabal-install</literal>
|
||
installed in your <literal>$PATH</literal> already to use it here
|
||
--- the <literal>nix-shell</literal> environment does not provide
|
||
it.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-create-nix-builds-for-your-own-private-haskell-packages">
|
||
<title>How to create Nix builds for your own private Haskell
|
||
packages</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If your own Haskell packages have build instructions for Cabal, then
|
||
you can convert those automatically into build instructions for Nix
|
||
using the <literal>cabal2nix</literal> utility, which you can
|
||
install into your profile by running
|
||
<literal>nix-env -i cabal2nix</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-build-a-stand-alone-project">
|
||
<title>How to build a stand-alone project</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
For example, let's assume that you're working on a private project
|
||
called <literal>foo</literal>. To generate a Nix build expression
|
||
for it, change into the project's top-level directory and run the
|
||
command:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal2nix . >foo.nix
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Then write the following snippet into a file called
|
||
<literal>default.nix</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{ nixpkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {}, compiler ? "ghc7101" }:
|
||
nixpkgs.pkgs.haskell.packages.${compiler}.callPackage ./foo.nix { }
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Finally, store the following code in a file called
|
||
<literal>shell.nix</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{ nixpkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {}, compiler ? "ghc7101" }:
|
||
(import ./default.nix { inherit nixpkgs compiler; }).env
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
At this point, you can run <literal>nix-build</literal> to have
|
||
Nix compile your project and install it into a Nix store path. The
|
||
local directory will contain a symlink called
|
||
<literal>result</literal> after <literal>nix-build</literal>
|
||
returns that points into that location. Of course, passing the
|
||
flag <literal>--argstr compiler ghc763</literal> allows switching
|
||
the build to any version of GHC currently supported.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Furthermore, you can call <literal>nix-shell</literal> to enter an
|
||
interactive development environment in which you can use
|
||
<literal>cabal configure</literal> and
|
||
<literal>cabal build</literal> to develop your code. That
|
||
environment will automatically contain a proper GHC derivation
|
||
with all the required libraries registered as well as all the
|
||
system-level libraries your package might need.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If your package does not depend on any system-level libraries,
|
||
then it's sufficient to run
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-shell --command "cabal configure"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
once to set up your build. <literal>cabal-install</literal>
|
||
determines the absolute paths to all resources required for the
|
||
build and writes them into a config file in the
|
||
<literal>dist/</literal> directory. Once that's done, you can run
|
||
<literal>cabal build</literal> and any other command for that
|
||
project even outside of the <literal>nix-shell</literal>
|
||
environment. This feature is particularly nice for those of us who
|
||
like to edit their code with an IDE, like Emacs'
|
||
<literal>haskell-mode</literal>, because it's not necessary to
|
||
start Emacs inside of nix-shell just to make it find out the
|
||
necessary settings for building the project;
|
||
<literal>cabal-install</literal> has already done that for us.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you want to do some quick-and-dirty hacking and don't want to
|
||
bother setting up a <literal>default.nix</literal> and
|
||
<literal>shell.nix</literal> file manually, then you can use the
|
||
<literal>--shell</literal> flag offered by
|
||
<literal>cabal2nix</literal> to have it generate a stand-alone
|
||
<literal>nix-shell</literal> environment for you. With that
|
||
feature, running
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal2nix --shell . >shell.nix
|
||
$ nix-shell --command "cabal configure"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
is usually enough to set up a build environment for any given
|
||
Haskell package. You can even use that generated file to run
|
||
<literal>nix-build</literal>, too:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-build shell.nix
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-build-projects-that-depend-on-each-other">
|
||
<title>How to build projects that depend on each other</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you have multiple private Haskell packages that depend on each
|
||
other, then you'll have to register those packages in the Nixpkgs
|
||
set to make them visible for the dependency resolution performed
|
||
by <literal>callPackage</literal>. First of all, change into each
|
||
of your projects top-level directories and generate a
|
||
<literal>default.nix</literal> file with
|
||
<literal>cabal2nix</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cd ~/src/foo && cabal2nix . >default.nix
|
||
$ cd ~/src/bar && cabal2nix . >default.nix
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Then edit your <literal>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</literal> file to
|
||
register those builds in the default Haskell package set:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = super: let self = super.pkgs; in
|
||
{
|
||
haskellPackages = super.haskellPackages.override {
|
||
overrides = self: super: {
|
||
foo = self.callPackage ../src/foo {};
|
||
bar = self.callPackage ../src/bar {};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Once that's accomplished,
|
||
<literal>nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -qA haskellPackages</literal>
|
||
will show your packages like any other package from Hackage, and
|
||
you can build them
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-build "<nixpkgs>" -A haskellPackages.foo
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
or enter an interactive shell environment suitable for building
|
||
them:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ nix-shell "<nixpkgs>" -A haskellPackages.bar.env
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="miscellaneous-topics">
|
||
<title>Miscellaneous Topics</title>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-build-with-profiling-enabled">
|
||
<title>How to build with profiling enabled</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Every Haskell package set takes a function called
|
||
<literal>overrides</literal> that you can use to manipulate the
|
||
package as much as you please. One useful application of this
|
||
feature is to replace the default <literal>mkDerivation</literal>
|
||
function with one that enables library profiling for all packages.
|
||
To accomplish that, add configure the following snippet in your
|
||
<literal>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</literal> file:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = super: let self = super.pkgs; in
|
||
{
|
||
profiledHaskellPackages = self.haskellPackages.override {
|
||
overrides = self: super: {
|
||
mkDerivation = args: super.mkDerivation (args // {
|
||
enableLibraryProfiling = true;
|
||
});
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Then, replace instances of <literal>haskellPackages</literal> in the
|
||
<literal>cabal2nix</literal>-generated <literal>default.nix</literal>
|
||
or <literal>shell.nix</literal> files with
|
||
<literal>profiledHaskellPackages</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-override-package-versions-in-a-compiler-specific-package-set">
|
||
<title>How to override package versions in a compiler-specific
|
||
package set</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Nixpkgs provides the latest version of
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/ghc-events"><literal>ghc-events</literal></link>,
|
||
which is 0.4.4.0 at the time of this writing. This is fine for
|
||
users of GHC 7.10.x, but GHC 7.8.4 cannot compile that binary.
|
||
Now, one way to solve that problem is to register an older version
|
||
of <literal>ghc-events</literal> in the 7.8.x-specific package
|
||
set. The first step is to generate Nix build instructions with
|
||
<literal>cabal2nix</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal2nix cabal://ghc-events-0.4.3.0 >~/.nixpkgs/ghc-events-0.4.3.0.nix
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Then add the override in <literal>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</literal>:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = super: let self = super.pkgs; in
|
||
{
|
||
haskell = super.haskell // {
|
||
packages = super.haskell.packages // {
|
||
ghc784 = super.haskell.packages.ghc784.override {
|
||
overrides = self: super: {
|
||
ghc-events = self.callPackage ./ghc-events-0.4.3.0.nix {};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
This code is a little crazy, no doubt, but it's necessary because
|
||
the intuitive version
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
haskell.packages.ghc784 = super.haskell.packages.ghc784.override {
|
||
overrides = self: super: {
|
||
ghc-events = self.callPackage ./ghc-events-0.4.3.0.nix {};
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
doesn't do what we want it to: that code replaces the
|
||
<literal>haskell</literal> package set in Nixpkgs with one that
|
||
contains only one entry,<literal>packages</literal>, which
|
||
contains only one entry <literal>ghc784</literal>. This override
|
||
loses the <literal>haskell.compiler</literal> set, and it loses
|
||
the <literal>haskell.packages.ghcXYZ</literal> sets for all
|
||
compilers but GHC 7.8.4. To avoid that problem, we have to perform
|
||
the convoluted little dance from above, iterating over each step
|
||
in hierarchy.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Once it's accomplished, however, we can install a variant of
|
||
<literal>ghc-events</literal> that's compiled with GHC 7.8.4:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
nix-env -f "<nixpkgs>" -iA haskell.packages.ghc784.ghc-events
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Unfortunately, it turns out that this build fails again while
|
||
executing the test suite! Apparently, the release archive on
|
||
Hackage is missing some data files that the test suite requires,
|
||
so we cannot run it. We accomplish that by re-generating the Nix
|
||
expression with the <literal>--no-check</literal> flag:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
$ cabal2nix --no-check cabal://ghc-events-0.4.3.0 >~/.nixpkgs/ghc-events-0.4.3.0.nix
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Now the builds succeeds.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Of course, in the concrete example of
|
||
<literal>ghc-events</literal> this whole exercise is not an ideal
|
||
solution, because <literal>ghc-events</literal> can analyze the
|
||
output emitted by any version of GHC later than 6.12 regardless of
|
||
the compiler version that was used to build the `ghc-events'
|
||
executable, so strictly speaking there's no reason to prefer one
|
||
built with GHC 7.8.x in the first place. However, for users who
|
||
cannot use GHC 7.10.x at all for some reason, the approach of
|
||
downgrading to an older version might be useful.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="how-to-recover-from-ghcs-infamous-non-deterministic-library-id-bug">
|
||
<title>How to recover from GHC's infamous non-deterministic library
|
||
ID bug</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
GHC and distributed build farms don't get along well:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/4012
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
When you see an error like this one
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
package foo-0.7.1.0 is broken due to missing package
|
||
text-1.2.0.4-98506efb1b9ada233bb5c2b2db516d91
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
then you have to download and re-install <literal>foo</literal>
|
||
and all its dependents from scratch:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
# nix-store -q --referrers /nix/store/*-haskell-text-1.2.0.4 \
|
||
| xargs -L 1 nix-store --repair-path --option binary-caches http://hydra.nixos.org
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If you're using additional Hydra servers other than
|
||
<literal>hydra.nixos.org</literal>, then it might be necessary to
|
||
purge the local caches that store data from those machines to
|
||
disable these binary channels for the duration of the previous
|
||
command, i.e. by running:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
rm /nix/var/nix/binary-cache-v3.sqlite
|
||
rm /nix/var/nix/manifests/*
|
||
rm /nix/var/nix/channel-cache/*
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section xml:id="builds-on-darwin-fail-with-math.h-not-found">
|
||
<title>Builds on Darwin fail with <literal>math.h</literal> not
|
||
found</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Users of GHC on Darwin have occasionally reported that builds
|
||
fail, because the compiler complains about a missing include file:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
fatal error: 'math.h' file not found
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The issue has been discussed at length in
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/6390">ticket
|
||
6390</link>, and so far no good solution has been proposed. As a
|
||
work-around, users who run into this problem can configure the
|
||
environment variables
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
export NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE="-idirafter /usr/include"
|
||
export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK="-L/usr/lib"
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
<para>
|
||
in their <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> file to avoid the compiler
|
||
error.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="other-resources">
|
||
<title>Other resources</title>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Youtube video
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsBhi_r-OeE">Nix
|
||
Loves Haskell</link> provides an introduction into Haskell NG
|
||
aimed at beginners. The slides are available at
|
||
http://cryp.to/nixos-meetup-3-slides.pdf and also -- in a form
|
||
ready for cut & paste -- at
|
||
https://github.com/NixOS/cabal2nix/blob/master/doc/nixos-meetup-3-slides.md.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Another Youtube video is
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQd3s57n_2Y">Escaping
|
||
Cabal Hell with Nix</link>, which discusses the subject of
|
||
Haskell development with Nix but also provides a basic
|
||
introduction to Nix as well, i.e. it's suitable for viewers with
|
||
almost no prior Nix experience.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Oliver Charles wrote a very nice
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://wiki.ocharles.org.uk/Nix">Tutorial how to
|
||
develop Haskell packages with Nix</link>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The <emphasis>Journey into the Haskell NG
|
||
infrastructure</emphasis> series of postings describe the new
|
||
Haskell infrastructure in great detail:
|
||
</para>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://lists.science.uu.nl/pipermail/nix-dev/2015-January/015591.html">Part
|
||
1</link> explains the differences between the old and the
|
||
new code and gives instructions how to migrate to the new
|
||
setup.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://lists.science.uu.nl/pipermail/nix-dev/2015-January/015608.html">Part
|
||
2</link> looks in-depth at how to tweak and configure your
|
||
setup by means of overrides.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://lists.science.uu.nl/pipermail/nix-dev/2015-April/016912.html">Part
|
||
3</link> describes the infrastructure that keeps the
|
||
Haskell package set in Nixpkgs up-to-date.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</chapter>
|