7723d9935f
So that helper scripts can be easily sourced in interactive shell configuration. `autojump` package was already present and had the same requirements for findind a `share` folders, so I took an inspiration there. I beleive this is a better alternative to: - https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/25080 - https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/27058 Replacing `$out/share/shell` with `$bin/share/fzf` was necessary to prevent dependency loop in produced derivations.
673 lines
22 KiB
XML
673 lines
22 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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||
xml:id="chap-package-notes">
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||
|
||
<title>Package Notes</title>
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||
|
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<para>This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain
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the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the
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Linux kernel or X.org.</para>
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||
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-linux-kernel">
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<title>Linux kernel</title>
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<para>The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel"><filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel</filename></link>.</para>
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<para>The function that builds the kernel has an argument
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<varname>kernelPatches</varname> which should be a list of
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<literal>{name, patch, extraConfig}</literal> attribute sets, where
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<varname>name</varname> is the name of the patch (which is included in
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the kernel’s <varname>meta.description</varname> attribute),
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<varname>patch</varname> is the patch itself (possibly compressed),
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and <varname>extraConfig</varname> (optional) is a string specifying
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extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file
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(<filename>.config</filename>).</para>
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<para>The kernel derivation exports an attribute
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<varname>features</varname> specifying whether optional functionality
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is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement
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kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the
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<varname>iwlwifi</varname> feature (i.e. has built-in support for
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Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the
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external <varname>iwlwifi</varname> package:
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<programlisting>
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modulesTree = [kernel]
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++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
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++ ...;
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy the old Nix expression
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(e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.21.nix</filename>) to the new one
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(e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.22.nix</filename>) and update it.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Add the new kernel to <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>
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(e.g., create an attribute
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<varname>kernel_2_6_22</varname>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First
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unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform
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(<literal>i686</literal>, <literal>x86_64</literal>,
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<literal>uml</literal>) do the following:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Make an copy from the old
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config (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.21-i686-smp</filename>) to
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the new one
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(e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy the config file for this platform
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(e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>) to
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<filename>.config</filename> in the kernel source tree.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Run <literal>make oldconfig
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ARCH=<replaceable>{i386,x86_64,um}</replaceable></literal>
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and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also
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add <literal>SHELL=bash</literal>.) Make sure to keep the
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configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t
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enable some feature on <literal>i686</literal> and disable
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it on <literal>x86_64</literal>).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If needed you can also run <literal>make
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menuconfig</literal>:
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<screen>
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$ nix-env -i ncurses
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$ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
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$ make menuconfig ARCH=<replaceable>arch</replaceable></screen>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy <filename>.config</filename> over the new config
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file (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Test building the kernel: <literal>nix-build -A
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kernel_2_6_22</literal>. If it compiles, ship it! For extra
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credit, try booting NixOS with it.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external
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kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the
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<varname>linuxPackagesFor</varname> function in
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<filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (such as the NVIDIA drivers,
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AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible
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with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions
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around.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-xorg">
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<title>X.org</title>
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<para>The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in
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<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix</filename>. This file is
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automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release.
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As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify
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the lists, the generator script or the file
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||
<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>, in which you
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||
can override or add to the derivations produced by the
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generator.</para>
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||
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<para>The generator is invoked as follows:
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|
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<screen>
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$ cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
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$ cat tarballs-7.5.list extra.list old.list \
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| perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
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</screen>
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For each of the tarballs in the <filename>.list</filename> files, the
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script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its
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<filename>configure.ac</filename> and <filename>*.pc.in</filename>
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files for dependencies. This information is used to generate
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<filename>default.nix</filename>. The generator caches downloaded
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tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the <literal>NOT FOUND:
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<replaceable>name</replaceable></literal> messages at the end of the
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run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be
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optional dependencies, however.)</para>
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<para>A file like <filename>tarballs-7.5.list</filename> contains all
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tarballs in a X.org release. It can be generated like this:
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<screen>
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$ export i="mirror://xorg/X11R7.4/src/everything/"
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$ cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $i | tail -n 1) \
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| perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'i'}$2\n"; }; }' \
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| sort > tarballs-7.4.list
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</screen>
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<filename>extra.list</filename> contains libraries that aren’t part of
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X.org proper, but are closely related to it, such as
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<literal>libxcb</literal>. <filename>old.list</filename> contains
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some packages that were removed from X.org, but are still needed by
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some people or by other packages (such as
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<varname>imake</varname>).</para>
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<para>If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes
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that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say,
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<varname>patches</varname> or a <varname>postInstall</varname> hook),
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you should modify
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<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>.</para>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<!--
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<section>
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<title>Gnome</title>
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<para>* Expression is auto-generated</para>
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<para>* How to update</para>
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</section>
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-->
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<!--============================================================-->
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<!--
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<section>
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<title>GCC</title>
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<para>…</para>
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</section>
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-->
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-eclipse">
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<title>Eclipse</title>
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<para>
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The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in
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<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse"><filename>pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse</filename></link>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in
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its various forms, these range from the bare-bones Eclipse
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Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE
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packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible
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to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
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<screen>
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$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses --description
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</screen>
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Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the
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<command>eclipse</command> command, as expected. From within
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Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner
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by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by
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installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover
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and install other plugins. This installation method provides an
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Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed
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Eclipse.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then
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Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be
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installed in an <emphasis>Eclipse environment</emphasis>. This
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type of environment is created using the function
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<varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> found inside the
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<varname>nixpkgs.eclipses</varname> attribute set. This function
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takes as argument <literal>{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? []
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}</literal> where <varname>eclipse</varname> is a one of the
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Eclipse packages described above, <varname>plugins</varname> is a
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list of plugin derivations, and <varname>jvmArgs</varname> is a
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list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For
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example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with
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the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to
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use more RAM. You could then add
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<screen>
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packageOverrides = pkgs: {
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myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
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eclipse = eclipse-platform;
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jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
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plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
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};
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}
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</screen>
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to your Nixpkgs configuration
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(<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>) and install it by
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running <command>nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA
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myEclipse</command> and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is
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possible to find out which plugins are available for installation
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using <varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> by running
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|
||
<screen>
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||
$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
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||
</screen>
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||
</para>
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<para>
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If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in
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Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside
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Nixpkgs using the <varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> and
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<varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> functions found in the
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<varname>nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins</varname> attribute set. Use the
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<varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> function to install a
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plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes
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<literal>{ name, src }</literal> as argument where
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<literal>src</literal> indicates the Eclipse update site archive.
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All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site
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will be installed. When an update site archive is not available
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then the <varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> function can be
|
||
used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and
|
||
plugin JARs. This function takes an argument <literal>{ name,
|
||
srcFeature, srcPlugin }</literal> where
|
||
<literal>srcFeature</literal> and <literal>srcPlugin</literal> are
|
||
the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
|
||
</para>
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||
|
||
<para>
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||
Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above
|
||
functions we have
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<screen>
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packageOverrides = pkgs: {
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myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
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||
eclipse = eclipse-platform;
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||
jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
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||
plugins = [
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plugins.color-theme
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(plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
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name = "myplugin1-1.0";
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srcFeature = fetchurl {
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url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
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sha256 = "123…";
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||
};
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srcPlugin = fetchurl {
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url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
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sha256 = "123…";
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};
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});
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(plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
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name = "myplugin2-1.0";
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src = fetchurl {
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stripRoot = false;
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||
url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
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sha256 = "123…";
|
||
};
|
||
});
|
||
];
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</screen>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-elm">
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|
||
<title>Elm</title>
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||
|
||
<para>
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The Nix expressions for Elm reside in
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<filename>pkgs/development/compilers/elm</filename>. They are generated
|
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automatically by <command>update-elm.rb</command> script. One should
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||
specify versions of Elm packages inside the script, clear the
|
||
<filename>packages</filename> directory and run the script from inside it.
|
||
<literal>elm-reactor</literal> is special because it also has Elm package
|
||
dependencies. The process is not automated very much for now -- you should
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get the <literal>elm-reactor</literal> source tree (e.g. with
|
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<command>nix-shell</command>) and run <command>elm2nix.rb</command> inside
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it. Place the resulting <filename>package.nix</filename> file into
|
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<filename>packages/elm-reactor-elm.nix</filename>.
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||
</para>
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|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-shell-helpers">
|
||
|
||
<title>Interactive shell helpers</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But
|
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unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard share directory
|
||
location. This is why a bunch <command>PACKAGE-share</command>
|
||
scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding
|
||
shared folder.
|
||
|
||
Current list of such packages is as following:
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<literal>autojump</literal>: <command>autojump-share</command>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<literal>fzf</literal>: <command>fzf-share</command>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
E.g. <literal>autojump</literal> can then used in the .bashrc like this:
|
||
<screen>
|
||
source "$(autojump-share)/autojump.bash"
|
||
</screen>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam">
|
||
|
||
<title>Steam</title>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam-nix">
|
||
|
||
<title>Steam in Nix</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Steam is distributed as a <filename>.deb</filename> file, for now only
|
||
as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation).
|
||
When unpacked, it has a script called <filename>steam</filename> that
|
||
in ubuntu (their target distro) would go to <filename>/usr/bin
|
||
</filename>. When run for the first time, this script copies some
|
||
files to the user's home, which include another script that is the
|
||
ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also
|
||
in $HOME.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Nix problems and constraints:
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>We don't have <filename>/bin/bash</filename> and many
|
||
scripts point there. Similarly for <filename>/usr/bin/python</filename>
|
||
.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>We don't have the dynamic loader in <filename>/lib
|
||
</filename>.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>The <filename>steam.sh</filename> script in $HOME can
|
||
not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible
|
||
chroot environment, as documented
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html">here</link>.
|
||
This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system,
|
||
and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam-play">
|
||
|
||
<title>How to play</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
For 64-bit systems it's important to have
|
||
<programlisting>hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit = true;</programlisting>
|
||
in your <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. You'll also need
|
||
<programlisting>hardware.pulseaudio.support32Bit = true;</programlisting>
|
||
if you are using PulseAudio - this will enable 32bit ALSA apps integration.
|
||
To use the Steam controller, you need to add
|
||
<programlisting>services.udev.extraRules = ''
|
||
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="28de", MODE="0666"
|
||
KERNEL=="uinput", MODE="0660", GROUP="users", OPTIONS+="static_node=uinput"
|
||
'';</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam-troub">
|
||
|
||
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Steam fails to start. What do I do?</term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Try to run
|
||
<programlisting>strace steam</programlisting>
|
||
to see what is causing steam to fail.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Using the FOSS Radeon drivers</term>
|
||
<listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
|
||
The open source radeon drivers need a newer libc++ than is provided
|
||
by the default runtime, which leads to a crash on launch. Use
|
||
<programlisting>environment.systemPackages = [(pkgs.steam.override { newStdcpp = true; })];</programlisting>
|
||
in your config if you get an error like
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
libGL error: unable to load driver: radeonsi_dri.so
|
||
libGL error: driver pointer missing
|
||
libGL error: failed to load driver: radeonsi
|
||
libGL error: unable to load driver: swrast_dri.so
|
||
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast</programlisting></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that
|
||
conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so.
|
||
If you get the error
|
||
<programlisting>steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)</programlisting>
|
||
have a look at <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269">this pull request</link>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</itemizedlist></listitem></varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Java</term>
|
||
<listitem><orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
|
||
<programlisting>/home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found</programlisting>
|
||
You need to add
|
||
<programlisting> steam.override { withJava = true; };</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist></listitem></varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam-run">
|
||
|
||
<title>steam-run</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The FHS-compatible chroot used for steam can also be used to run
|
||
other linux games that expect a FHS environment.
|
||
To do it, add
|
||
<programlisting>pkgs.(steam.override {
|
||
nativeOnly = true;
|
||
newStdcpp = true;
|
||
}).run</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration, rebuild, and run the game with
|
||
<programlisting>steam-run ./foo</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-emacs">
|
||
|
||
<title>Emacs</title>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-emacs-config">
|
||
|
||
<title>Configuring Emacs</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to
|
||
configure. <varname>emacsWithPackages</varname> allows you to manage
|
||
packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install
|
||
that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use
|
||
<literal>company</literal>, <literal>counsel</literal>,
|
||
<literal>flycheck</literal>, <literal>ivy</literal>,
|
||
<literal>magit</literal>, <literal>projectile</literal>, and
|
||
<literal>use-package</literal> you could use this as a
|
||
<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> override:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
|
||
myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
|
||
company
|
||
counsel
|
||
flycheck
|
||
ivy
|
||
magit
|
||
projectile
|
||
use-package
|
||
]));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can install it like any other packages via <command>nix-env -iA
|
||
myEmacs</command>. However, this will only install those packages.
|
||
It will not <literal>configure</literal> them for us. To do this, we
|
||
need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do
|
||
this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make
|
||
Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that
|
||
provide a <filename>default.el</filename> file in
|
||
<filename>/share/emacs/site-start/</filename>. Emacs knows to load
|
||
this file automatically when it starts.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
|
||
myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
|
||
;; initialize package
|
||
|
||
(require 'package)
|
||
(package-initialize 'noactivate)
|
||
(eval-when-compile
|
||
(require 'use-package))
|
||
|
||
;; load some packages
|
||
|
||
(use-package company
|
||
:bind ("<C-tab>" . company-complete)
|
||
:diminish company-mode
|
||
:commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
|
||
:defer 1
|
||
:config
|
||
(global-company-mode))
|
||
|
||
(use-package counsel
|
||
:commands (counsel-descbinds)
|
||
:bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
|
||
("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
|
||
("C-c g" . counsel-git)
|
||
("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
|
||
("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
|
||
("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
|
||
("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
|
||
|
||
(use-package flycheck
|
||
:defer 2
|
||
:config (global-flycheck-mode))
|
||
|
||
(use-package ivy
|
||
:defer 1
|
||
:bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
|
||
("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
|
||
:map ivy-minibuffer-map
|
||
("C-j" . ivy-call))
|
||
:diminish ivy-mode
|
||
:commands ivy-mode
|
||
:config
|
||
(ivy-mode 1))
|
||
|
||
(use-package magit
|
||
:defer
|
||
:if (executable-find "git")
|
||
:bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
|
||
("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
|
||
:init
|
||
(setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
|
||
|
||
(use-package projectile
|
||
:commands projectile-mode
|
||
:bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
|
||
:defer 5
|
||
:config
|
||
(projectile-global-mode))
|
||
'';
|
||
myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
|
||
(runCommand "default.el" {} ''
|
||
mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
|
||
cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
|
||
'')
|
||
company
|
||
counsel
|
||
flycheck
|
||
ivy
|
||
magit
|
||
projectile
|
||
use-package
|
||
]));
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in
|
||
addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by
|
||
passing <command>-q</command> to the Emacs command.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</chapter>
|