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lix/doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md
Valentin Gagarin 9b2a4a4729 move uninstall instructions to a separate page 
placed in a subsection of the binary install, the instructions are hard
to find. putting them in a separate page that is shown in the table of
contents should make it easier for users to find what they need when
they need it.
2023-04-28 11:53:38 +02:00

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Installing a Binary Distribution

The easiest way to install Nix is to run the following command:

$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh

This will run the installer interactively (causing it to explain what it is doing more explicitly), and perform the default "type" of install for your platform:

  • single-user on Linux

  • multi-user on macOS

    Notes on read-only filesystem root in macOS 10.15 Catalina +

    • It took some time to support this cleanly. You may see posts, examples, and tutorials using obsolete workarounds.
    • Supporting it cleanly made macOS installs too complex to qualify as single-user, so this type is no longer supported on macOS.

We recommend the multi-user install if it supports your platform and you can authenticate with sudo.

Single User Installation

To explicitly select a single-user installation on your system:

$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --no-daemon

This will perform a single-user installation of Nix, meaning that /nix is owned by the invoking user. You can run this under your usual user account or root. The script will invoke sudo to create /nix if it doesn’t already exist. If you don’t have sudo, you should manually create /nix first as root, e.g.:

$ mkdir /nix
$ chown alice /nix

The install script will modify the first writable file from amongst .bash_profile, .bash_login and .profile to source ~/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh. You can set the NIX_INSTALLER_NO_MODIFY_PROFILE environment variable before executing the install script to disable this behaviour.

Multi User Installation

The multi-user Nix installation creates system users, and a system service for the Nix daemon.

Supported Systems

  • Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
  • macOS

You can instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on your system:

$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon

The multi-user installation of Nix will create build users between the user IDs 30001 and 30032, and a group with the group ID 30000. You can run this under your usual user account or root. The script will invoke sudo as needed.

Note

If you need Nix to use a different group ID or user ID set, you will have to download the tarball manually and edit the install script.

The installer will modify /etc/bashrc, and /etc/zshrc if they exist. The installer will first back up these files with a .backup-before-nix extension. The installer will also create /etc/profile.d/nix.sh.

macOS Installation

[]{#sect-macos-installation-change-store-prefix}[]{#sect-macos-installation-encrypted-volume}[]{#sect-macos-installation-symlink}[]{#sect-macos-installation-recommended-notes}

We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically.

This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs, but it now only outlines what the installer does. You don't need to know this to run the installer, but it may help if you run into trouble:

  • create a new APFS volume for your Nix store
  • update /etc/synthetic.conf to direct macOS to create a "synthetic" empty root directory to mount your volume
  • specify mount options for the volume in /etc/fstab
    • rw: read-write
    • noauto: prevent the system from auto-mounting the volume (so the LaunchDaemon mentioned below can control mounting it, and to avoid masking problems with that mounting service).
    • nobrowse: prevent the Nix Store volume from showing up on your desktop; also keeps Spotlight from spending resources to index this volume
    • if you have FileVault enabled
      • generate an encryption password
      • put it in your system Keychain
      • use it to encrypt the volume
  • create a system LaunchDaemon to mount this volume early enough in the boot process to avoid problems loading or restoring any programs that need access to your Nix store

Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL

Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions since 1.11.16 can be found at releases.nixos.org. The corresponding SHA-256 hash can be found in the directory for the given version.

These install scripts can be used the same as usual:

$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-<version>/install | sh

Installing from a binary tarball

You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its dependencies. (This is what the install script at https://nixos.org/nix/install does automatically.) You should unpack it somewhere (e.g. in /tmp), and then run the script named install inside the binary tarball:

$ cd /tmp
$ tar xfj nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin.tar.bz2
$ cd nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin
$ ./install

If you need to edit the multi-user installation script to use different group ID or a different user ID range, modify the variables set in the file named install-multi-user.