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358 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
358 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
# Go Test Fixtures
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[](https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/testfixtures.v2)
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[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/go-testfixtures/testfixtures)
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/andreynering/testfixtures)
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> ***Warning***: this package will wipe the database data before loading the
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fixtures! It is supposed to be used on a test database. Please, double check
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if you are running it against the correct database.
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Writing tests is hard, even more when you have to deal with an SQL database.
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This package aims to make writing functional tests for web apps written in
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Go easier.
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Basically this package mimics the ["Rails' way"][railstests] of writing tests
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for database applications, where sample data is kept in fixtures files. Before
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the execution of every test, the test database is cleaned and the fixture data
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is loaded into the database.
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The idea is running tests against a real database, instead of relying in mocks,
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which is boring to setup and may lead to production bugs not being caught in
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the tests.
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## Installation
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First, get it:
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```bash
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go get -u -v gopkg.in/testfixtures.v2
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```
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## Usage
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Create a folder for the fixture files. Each file should contain data for a
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single table and have the name `<table_name>.yml`:
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```
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myapp/
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myapp.go
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myapp_test.go
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...
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fixtures/
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posts.yml
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comments.yml
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tags.yml
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posts_tags.yml
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...
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```
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The file would look like this (it can have as many record you want):
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```yml
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# comments.yml
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- id: 1
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post_id: 1
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content: A comment...
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author_name: John Doe
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author_email: john@doe.com
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created_at: 2016-01-01 12:30:12
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updated_at: 2016-01-01 12:30:12
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- id: 2
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post_id: 2
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content: Another comment...
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author_name: John Doe
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author_email: john@doe.com
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created_at: 2016-01-01 12:30:12
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updated_at: 2016-01-01 12:30:12
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# ...
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```
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An YAML object or array will be converted to JSON. It can be stored on a native
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JSON type like JSONB on PostgreSQL or as a TEXT or VARCHAR column on other
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databases.
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```yml
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- id: 1
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post_attributes:
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author: John Due
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author_email: john@due.com
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title: "..."
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tags:
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- programming
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- go
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- testing
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post: "..."
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```
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If you need to write raw SQL, probably to call a function, prefix the value
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of the column with `RAW=`:
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```yml
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- id: 1
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uuid_column: RAW=uuid_generate_v4()
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postgis_type_column: RAW=ST_GeomFromText('params...')
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created_at: RAW=NOW()
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updated_at: RAW=NOW()
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```
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Your tests would look like this:
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```go
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package myapp
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import (
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"database/sql"
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"log"
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_ "github.com/lib/pq"
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"gopkg.in/testfixtures.v2"
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)
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var (
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db *sql.DB
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fixtures *testfixtures.Context
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)
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func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
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var err error
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// Open connection with the test database.
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// Do NOT import fixtures in a production database!
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// Existing data would be deleted
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db, err = sql.Open("postgres", "dbname=myapp_test")
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatal(err)
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}
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// creating the context that hold the fixtures
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// see about all compatible databases in this page below
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fixtures, err = testfixtures.NewFolder(db, &testfixtures.PostgreSQL{}, "testdata/fixtures")
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatal(err)
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}
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os.Exit(m.Run())
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}
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func prepareTestDatabase() {
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if err := fixtures.Load(); err != nil {
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log.Fatal(err)
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}
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}
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func TestX(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// your test here ...
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}
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func TestY(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// your test here ...
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}
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func TestZ(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// your test here ...
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}
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```
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Alternatively, you can use the `NewFiles` function, to specify which
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files you want to load into the database:
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```go
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fixtures, err := testfixtures.NewFiles(db, &testfixtures.PostgreSQL{},
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"fixtures/orders.yml",
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"fixtures/customers.yml",
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// add as many files you want
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)
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatal(err)
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}
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```
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## Security check
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In order to prevent you from accidentally wiping the wrong database, this
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package will refuse to load fixtures if the database name (or database
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filename for SQLite) doesn't contains "test". If you want to disable this
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check, use:
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```go
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testfixtures.SkipDatabaseNameCheck(true)
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```
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## Sequences
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For PostgreSQL or Oracle, this package also resets all sequences to a high
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number to prevent duplicated primary keys while running the tests.
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The default is 10000, but you can change that with:
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```go
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testfixtures.ResetSequencesTo(10000)
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```
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## Compatible databases
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### PostgreSQL
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This package has two approaches to disable foreign keys while importing fixtures
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in PostgreSQL databases:
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#### With `DISABLE TRIGGER`
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This is the default approach. For that use:
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```go
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&testfixtures.PostgreSQL{}
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```
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With the above snippet this package will use `DISABLE TRIGGER` to temporarily
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disabling foreign key constraints while loading fixtures. This work with any
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version of PostgreSQL, but it is **required** to be connected in the database
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as a SUPERUSER. You can make a PostgreSQL user a SUPERUSER with:
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```sql
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ALTER USER your_user SUPERUSER;
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```
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#### With `ALTER CONSTRAINT`
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This approach don't require to be connected as a SUPERUSER, but only work with
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PostgreSQL versions >= 9.4. Try this if you are getting foreign key violation
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errors with the previous approach. It is as simple as using:
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```go
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&testfixtures.PostgreSQL{UseAlterConstraint: true}
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```
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### MySQL / MariaDB
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Just make sure the connection string have
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[the multistatement parameter](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#multistatements)
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set to true, and use:
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```go
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&testfixtures.MySQL{}
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```
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### SQLite
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SQLite is also supported. It is recommended to create foreign keys as
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`DEFERRABLE` (the default) to prevent problems. See more
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[on the SQLite documentation](https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html#fk_deferred).
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(Foreign key constraints are no-op by default on SQLite, but enabling it is
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recommended).
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```go
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&testfixtures.SQLite{}
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```
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### Microsoft SQL Server
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SQL Server support requires SQL Server >= 2008. Inserting on `IDENTITY` columns
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are handled as well. Just make sure you are logged in with a user with
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`ALTER TABLE` permission.
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```go
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&testfixtures.SQLServer{}
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```
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### Oracle
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Oracle is supported as well. Use:
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```go
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&testfixtures.Oracle{}
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```
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## Generating fixtures for a existing database (experimental)
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The following code will generate a YAML file for each table of the database in
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the given folder. It may be useful to boostrap a test scenario from a sample
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database of your app.
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```go
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err := testfixtures.GenerateFixtures(db, &testfixtures.PostgreSQL{}, "testdata/fixtures")
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatalf("Error generating fixtures: %v", err)
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}
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```
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Or
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```go
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err := testfixtures.GenerateFixturesForTables(
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db,
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[]*TableInfo{
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&TableInfo{Name: "table_name", Where: "foo = 'bar'"},
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// ...
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},
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&testfixtures.PostgreSQL{},
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"testdata/fixtures",
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)
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatalf("Error generating fixtures: %v", err)
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}
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```
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> This was thought to run in small sample databases. It will likely break
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if run in a production/big database.
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## Contributing
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Tests were written to ensure everything work as expected. You can run the tests
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with:
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```bash
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# running tests for PostgreSQL
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go test -tags postgresql
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# running test for MySQL
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go test -tags mysql
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# running tests for SQLite
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go test -tags sqlite
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# running tests for SQL Server
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go test -tags sqlserver
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# running tests for Oracle
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go test -tags oracle
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# running test for multiple databases at once
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go test -tags 'sqlite postgresql mysql'
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# running tests + benchmark
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go test -v -bench=. -tags postgresql
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```
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Travis runs tests for PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite. AppVeyor run for all
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these and also Microsoft SQL Server.
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To set the connection string of tests for each database, copy the `.sample.env`
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file as `.env` and edit it according to your environment.
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## Alternatives
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If you don't think using fixtures is a good idea, you can try one of these
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packages instead:
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- [factory-go][factorygo]: Factory for Go. Inspired by Python's Factory Boy
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and Ruby's Factory Girl
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- [go-txdb (Single transaction SQL driver for Go)][gotxdb]: Use a single
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database transaction for each functional test, so you can rollback to
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previous state between tests to have the same database state in all tests
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- [go-sqlmock][gosqlmock]: A mock for the sql.DB interface. This allow you to
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unit test database code without having to connect to a real database
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- [dbcleaner][dbcleaner] - Clean database for testing, inspired by
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database_cleaner for Ruby
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[railstests]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/testing.html#the-test-database
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[gotxdb]: https://github.com/DATA-DOG/go-txdb
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[gosqlmock]: https://github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock
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[factorygo]: https://github.com/bluele/factory-go
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[dbcleaner]: https://github.com/khaiql/dbcleaner
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